The visual inspection method utilizing peripheral vision involves two process: first, a wide range is searched by peripheral vision then, the defect is decided by the high spatial resolution of the central vision.
The spatial resolution of human vision decreases significantly with increasing angle from the center of the retina. The remaining range of vision is called peripheral vision. Central vision is the 1–2° range of vision on either side of the center of the retina. Recently, a visual inspection method utilizing peripheral vision was proposed, and the effectiveness of the method has been tested in manufacturing factories. Therefore, appearance inspection still depends on visual inspection using human senses. It is thus difficult to develop technologies that can discover small defects and to create algorithms that identify multiple types of defects with high precision. Finally, production has shifted to high-mix, low-volume production. Third, some products have recently become smaller and more detailed. Second, the categorization of a product as non-defective or defective is affected by the size and depth of the defect. First, there are many different types of defects. However, it is not as simple to establish the standards to determine whether the appearance of a product is defective. The automation of functional inspection has advanced because it is easy to determine whether a product works or not.
In appearance inspection, small visual defects such as scratches, surface dents and unevenness of the coating color are inspected. In functional inspection, the effectiveness of a product is inspected. There are two types of inspections: functional inspection and appearance inspection. In order to supply high-quality products to the market, manufacturing industries have given product inspection as much attention as processing and assembling.
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